(% of net imports to gross available energy) Primary production slightly decreased (see above) but it has less of an influence on the indicator given its relatively low level.įigure 6: Import dependency, crude oil and total oil, 1990-2021 The drop in dependency was also supported by the use of 20.4 Mtoe of oil stocks which was the largest yearly draw ever recorded and equivalent to 4.08 % of the gross available energy. The dependency drop in 2021 could be explained by the combined result of changes in exports (+9.21 pp) which increased more than the imports (+3.41 pp) and the increase in gross available energy (+5.25 pp). The dependency on foreign oil had been growing from the lower rates observed in previous decades and from a minimum observed in 1999 (91.66 %). The import dependency for the entire family of crude oil and petroleum products reached a record high in 2020 when the EU relied on net imports for 96.96 % of its energy availability but dropped to 91.67 % in 2021 marking the lowest value in 22 years. Import dependency can be calculated for an aggregate of products or for just one fuel. If positive values are above 100 %, it means that imports surpass the needs of a country and that consequently stocks are being built up. Positive values indicate an import dependency, while negative values indicate a net exporter country. Import dependency on oil is calculated as the ratio of net imports (imports minus exports) to gross available energy of crude oil and petroleum products. Imports from Libya almost tripled from the record low of the previous year placing this origin in the fifth place. Kazakhstan, which had been gaining ground in recent years, decreased -4.3 pp in 2021. Imports of crude from the USA were historically almost irrelevant but have been increasing sharply in the last few years, they jumped 33.6 pp in 2020, and another 6.8 pp in 2021 reaching the record high and making this country the third provider to the EU for the first time. In 2021, they increased by 14.2 percentage points (pp) compared with the previous year.
Imports from Norway have more than halved over the period 2000-2012 and then stabilised. Imports from Russia continued declining since their last peak in 2005 (184.7 Mt). The origins of the crude oil imported to the EU have changed over the years.
#Oil production by country 2013 series
This represents a small increase from the 2020 level which was lowest value in the 31 years time series starting in 1990. In 2021, total imports of crude oil to the EU amounted to 446.5 Mt.
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